The cylinder block is made of gray cast iron with bores for the cylinders. When repairing an engine, cylinder liners are honed, which naturally requires the use of repair pistons of a larger diameter. In the lower part of the cylinder block, in the upper part of the crankcase, there is a crankshaft supported by main bearings. Connecting rods are connected to the crankshaft. From below, the cylinder block is closed by an oil pan, in which oil is collected, which serves to lubricate and cool the engine.
The aluminum alloy cylinder head has four designs. The versions differ from each other in the location and pitch of the valves of the gas distribution system and the number of camshafts driven by a toothed belt.
1.8L Diesel Models (engine brand contains designations 1C) have a cylinder head with a single camshaft that operates two valves on each cylinder (one inlet, one outlet).
Models with a 1.3 liter petrol engine (engine brand 2A) have a cylinder head with a single camshaft that operates two valves on each cylinder (one inlet, one outlet) through the levers.
Models with a 1.3 liter petrol engine (engine brand 2E) have a crossflow cylinder head with a single camshaft operating via levers three valves per cylinder (two inlet and one outlet).
Cars with a petrol engine with a displacement of 1.6 liters (engine brand 4A) also have a cross flow cylinder head but with two spreading saws. The camshafts control four valves on each cylinder via cylindrical tappets (two inlet two outlet).
The engine is lubricated by an oil pump mounted on the side of the crankcase. The pump is driven directly by the crankshaft or via a toothed belt. Oil from the pump flows through the holes to the crankshaft and camshaft bearings and from there to the cylinder mirrors.
The diesel engine coolant pump is located on the front side of the cylinder block and is driven by a toothed belt. For gasoline engines, the coolant pump is located on the side of the cylinder block and is driven by a reinforced V-belt, which simultaneously drives the generator. An additional reinforced V-belt drives the power steering pump and the air conditioning compressor.
For the preparation of the fuel-air mixture, depending on the model, either a carburetor or an injection system is available, which, as a rule, does not require maintenance.
The ignition distributor is mounted on a flange to the cylinder head and is driven directly by the camshaft.
Attention! The electric fan of the cooling system may turn on when the engine is not running and the ignition system is on. This happens repeatedly in the presence of stagnant thermal zones in the engine compartment. It is necessary to bear this in mind when working in the engine compartment with a hot engine. Therefore, if possible, turn off the ignition while working in the engine compartment.