Troubleshooting with a voltmeter

Note.

• Troubleshooting procedures have been developed for each system and are outlined in this manual. These procedures may change slightly from time to time. However, the methods given in this manual are practically sufficient for troubleshooting.
• Before starting troubleshooting, it is recommended to check the fuses, fuse links and the condition of the connections.
• Troubleshooting procedures are based on the assumption that the fault is either an open circuit, or a short circuit in the circuit outside the electronics box, or a short circuit in it.
• If an engine malfunction appears at the required operating voltage at the terminals of the electronic unit, then it is faulty and must be replaced.