After passing through the oil filter, part of the oil is fed through various channels in the cylinder block and through the holes to the crankshaft main bearings. Drillings in the crankshaft supply oil to the connecting rod bearings of the crankshaft. The lubrication of the cylinder walls and the lower part of the piston crown is carried out mainly by splashing. For lubrication of the piston pin, a special hole is provided in the piston head of the connecting rod and in the piston pin bushing.
Part of the oil after passing through the oil filter through the drillings in the cylinder block is sent to the cylinder head for lubrication:
- the driven gear of the intake camshaft;
- bearing necks of camshafts;
- cams;
- valve lifters and valve stems;
- exhaust camshaft drive gear.
After performing its functions, the oil under the action of gravity (by gravity) returns to the tray.
To control the oil level in the crankcase, a dipstick is installed on one side of the oil pump housing.
Oil pump
The oil pump takes oil from the engine sump through the oil intake and supplies it under pressure to various friction units. An oil intake with a strainer is located in front of the oil pump inlet. The oil pump itself is a trochoid pump. Inside it are the driving and driven rotors with internal gearing, which rotate in the same direction. Since the axes of the male and female rotors are offset from each other, the space between both rotors changes as they turn. Oil is sucked into the pump when the space between the rotors expands and pumped when the space between the rotors narrows.
Oil pressure regulator (pressure reducing valve)
At high speeds, the amount of oil supplied by the oil pump is excessive compared to the amount necessary to lubricate the rubbing pairs. Oil pressure regulator (pressure reducing valve) prevents excess oil supply. At low speeds, the regulator valve closes the bypass channel under the action of a spring. But at high speeds, oil pressure rises sharply, the oil pressure force overcomes the spring force, and the regulator valve opens. Excess oil is returned to the sump through the valve.
Oil filter
The oil filter is a full-flow type with a replaceable paper filter element. metal particles (wear products), airborne dirt particles, carbon particles and other types of contaminants can enter the oil during use, resulting in increased engine wear or clogging (channel narrowing) oil lines, preventing oil circulation. An oil filter installed in the oil line allows these particles to be trapped as the oil passes through it. The filter is installed on the outside of the engine, which makes it relatively easy to replace the filter element. A bypass valve is installed in front of the filter element, which opens with an increase in pressure in front of the filter, which occurs if the filter element is clogged with contaminants. The bypass valve opens when the oil pressure force exceeds the force of the valve spring. In this case, the oil passes through the bypass channel, bypassing the oil filter, and goes directly to the main engine oil line.